Things You May Not Know Can Impact Your Mental And Physical Wellness.

(image: Patrick Perkins, Unsplash)

So many aspects of life can impact your mental and physical health and overall wellbeing. In this blog, we will be focusing on relationship stress, seasonal changes and our homes and how they can impact our wellness.

Your Relationship

Your relationship is one of the things that can impact your health the most. Of course it has the ability to impact your mental health, though we’re also talking about the physical side of things. This is especially apparent if your relationship is full of stress and causing you to struggle mentally. Stress from relationships can trigger skin conditions such as acne and break outs. It can be a reaction that your body is having, to tell you that it needs to slow down and heal.

Relationship troubles can lead to arguments and isolation and cause emotional difficulties. If you’re worried that your relationship is not good for your health, try talking to your partner calmly and in a safe environment. If this is not possible, reach out to a therapist or support network too.

The Season

Time of the year has a huge effect on our mental health, the season changes everything. In the fall (autumn) and the winter it’s far more common for people to be ill with depression due to the weather, than it is in the summer months. People also become more physically unwell too. This could be for a number of reasons, but it’s partially because people’s immune systems are weaker when it’s colder outside. 

So, if you notice that you are getting poorly, that your joints are hurting, that you’re generally feeling unwell, it could be because of the colder weather and season.

Your Home

Your home doesn’t mean to harm you, but sometimes a build up of dust or toxic material, a leaking roof or something else can really cause you problems you can’t avoid. You can try cleaning, making repairs, and even throwing out old furniture and replacing it with new pieces. Oak dining chairs and tables are in fashion right now, so why not consider it?

At the end of the day, there are so many different things that can impact your health and you have to be ready for all of them. It’s important that you remain vigilant, and if something seems to be causing you any issues with your health, you have to work on it asap and reach out for support from your doctor.

This article was written by a freelance writer.

New Year, Rome Holiday and Health by Eleanor

(image: QuoteFancy)

Hi everyone!

Wishing you all a very Happy New Year 2025!

January can be a challenging month for us all, post the festivities and time off work. I just thought I would write a little update here.

This year, I am looking for a new role in Digital Communications for charities/ lifestyle brands, Journalism or Writing. I have also written the sequel to Arabella and the Worry Cloud– which is very exciting. I loved writing it and hope to work on it further this year :). The story came to me in Summer 2024 and I have been refining it. This month, my story (and my Dads) is also featured in ‘The Inherited Mind’, an amazing book by journalist James Longman about his search to understand whether mental illness is inherited – which is out now with Hyperion Books!

I had some time off over Christmas break and my husband Rob and I spent a wonderful holiday in Rome. It was really wonderful to explore the city (Robs first time there), eat lots of delicious food and just have time together! We tend to go away in the Winter due to Robs annual leave and have lots of lovely memories to sustain us through the new year (we went to the Colosseum and Roman Forum, Stadio Olimpico and Jewish Museum). We visited lots of restaurants and an amazing gelato shop (Marlene’s) and went shopping. We spent New Years Eve eating a yum dinner with wine and it was a very special week.

My health is a work in progress. I am working with the NHS Oviva programme to lose weight at the moment- which I hope will boost my fertility and general health- both mental and physical (and hopefully improve my PCOS). I will give more updates on that when I have experienced more of the programme- but I am working alongside a dietitian and medical professionals.

Mentally, it has not been an easy time and there has been a lot going on outside of all of this, but I am trying to take it day by day, hour by hour and create new opportunities for myself to thrive. There’s times where we all don’t feel good enough and have imposter syndrome. I do believe miracles happen when we choose joy and choose to co-create. The right opportunities will come- career wise, financially and health wise. I have been feeling more anxious at times but every day is different and I am trying to reset and look after myself, and those around me.

Here’s to a a happy and healthy 2025 with lots of amazing things manifesting!

How was your break?

Love,

Eleanor

Twenty Years At Christmas Time.

(Image: E Mandelstam)

In December 2004, I was 16 years old. That year had been very painful and difficult with my mental health but I had pushed myself and secured good grades in my GCSES. However, my inherited mental illness, bipolar 1 disorder, was not yet diagnosed. I had experienced depression and mania. Then In December 04, the depression turned into psychosis where I had delusions (false beliefs about the world), high anxiety and agitation.

That Christmas, the only place I wanted to be was in hospital. I didn’t feel safe at home and by miracle the NHS found me a voluntary admission to the Priory North London CAMHS unit. I was an inpatient for 4 months and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. My dad was diagnosed a few years before.

Years ending in 4 have been a worry for me. 10 years after this- 2014, I had another significant even worse hospitalisation that traumatised me. But it led to me finding the right medicine for me that has kept me stable- no mania or psychosis.

Now in 2024, at Christmas I am celebrating 10 years of remission. And 20 since that 16 year old girl was diagnosed. I was so scared for my future. Yes bipolar has taken a lot from my life healthwise but it has also given me untold blessings too – teaching me life is short and to be determined and resilient when I can be.

Twenty years on I have mixed emotions. I wouldn’t want to wish being diagnosed with a life long severe mental illness as a teen on anyone. But somehow miraculously, despite the depression, despite past suicidal ideation, I am here. I have survived. I know younger Ellie would be proud of the things I have achieved.

May you all have a wonderful Christmas holiday and heres to 2025. Thank you to all of you my readers too,

love and light

Eleanor

Custom Comfort This Christmas With The SIMBA Hybrid Pillow (Gifted Review)

(image: SIMBA)

I have been really lucky that this festive season, SIMBA beds have gifted me their Custom Comfort Hybrid Pillow to use to help support my head and neck and get a wonderful night’s sleep.

This pillow is designed for revolutionary, personalised comfort. A unique fusion of superb, down-like cushioning with innovative tech. The pillow contains a cotton cover with cool touch tech to support better sleep. It has adjustable height and firmness with a supportive core and a mesh border for maximum air flow, once opened! Plus, it has a washable cover (always a bonus!). SIMBA have truly thought of everything to give you excellent comfort.

I received the pillow in the post, it is large (about A3 size) and SIMBA have said that it has special foam Nanocubes® technology! The turquoise cubes mean its not too soft, not too high, not too firm… always ‘just right’. I find it so comfortable!

SIMBA describe this as, ‘Thanks to the knitted, inner pillow of tiny, squishy, foam Nanocubes® you’ll find at the heart of every Hybrid® pillow; not only does this clever system encourage greater airflow, but you can also remove/add cubes to achieve the height and firmness you prefer in your pillow.’

(image: Unsplash)

I often find also that I get hot at night or it is just too warm from the central heating to sleep in winter. So what could be more helpful than the cooling aspect of this pillow? . It dissipates excess heat and provides instant coolness! This is due to its Stratos® cool-touch tech similar to the innovation that keeps astronauts cool in space! This pillow is also Menopause friendly, so great for any hot flushes at night time.

The pillow feels firm yet comfortable with a definite softness that makes me want to sink right in to it. I love the fact it is adjustable and helps me feel cool at night too. SIMBA say that ‘A soft, cloud-like fill is key to the superb comfort and quality of our pillows and duvets. It consists of springy polyester fibres gently combed and folded into airy, cushioning layers.’

For good sleep hygiene and having a cool, calm bedroom with good support for your head, I really recommend the SIMBA Hybrid Pillow. After one night, I am already loving it and I cannot wait to use it for many more nights for a gentle and comfort filled sleep. Good sleep is so integral to good mental health- thanks SIMBA for letting me have and review this pillow!

I was gifted a SIMBA Hybrid Pillow, in return for an honest review. This article contains non-sponsored links.


Bipolar And Seasonal Self Care: Overspending This Festive Season by Bipolar UK

(image: Jeshoots.com: Unsplash)

Christmas can be a stressful time for many, but for those living with bipolar disorder, it is a time of year when symptoms may be exacerbated, and overspending can become an issue.

According to national charity, Bipolar UK, the increased pressure to attend social occasions alongside material pressures around Christmas/Chanukah can trigger manic or depressive episodes in some living with the condition, resulting in an increased risk of overspending.

Dr Thomas Richardson, clinical psychologist at Southampton University, who has lived experience of bipolar and has researched the topic of bipolar and overspending, “impulsive or compulsive spending means spending more money than you planned and regretting it.”

He added: “There’s definitely something about that sense of urgency that I must buy it right away – the feeling like you can’t stop yourself and it’s a little bit out of your own control.

There is a lot of guilt and feelings of being a burden associated with bipolar, and we know that people living with the condition can sometimes feel that excessive generosity is a way to pay back loved ones for their support. Overspending can also feel like a comfort at the time.

Christmas is a time where we’re surrounded by adverts encouraging us to buy things and there’s the additional pressure of feeling the need to socialise. All of this can potentially be very triggering for some people living with bipolar.

April Kelley, an award-winning actress and producer living with bipolar, has a history of overspending. She said: “My biggest achilles heel is spending money on others, and I think that’s a combination of buying love and the rush that buying things for others gives me.

Last Christmas I bought flights from my home in LA back to the UK at the last minute to surprise my parents, but I’ve also been known to buy an entire bar’s worth of Jager bombs for everyone.

“I now use digital banking as a way to help me budget by splitting money into pots and my parents are really supportive and help me to keep control of my finances.”

Dr Richardson says there are several ways you can protect yourself from overspending at Christmas and beyond. He says that digital banking is good to helo you budget, move money into different pots and set spending limits. He advises making a list of what you really need to buy, versus what you’d like to buy, unsubscribe from marketing emails if it helps you, be mindful of who you follow on social media, make gifts instead of buying and return unnecessary things you have bought.

(image: Bipolar UK)

Simon Kitchen, CEO of Bipolar UK, said: “Advance Choice Documents (also known as ACDs) are a great way to ensure your voice is heard during a period of relapse.

“The idea is to write an ACD with your loved one or doctor when you’re well to put into action if you recognise you’re experiencing the early signs of an episode. You can include a line to protect yourself from overspending – planning to have limited access to a credit card or only using a basic mobile phone without internet, for example.

“This is why it is so important to monitor your mood so you can be aware of the warning signs if you are heading towards a relapse when you might be more prone to overspending. Many people in our community say using our free Mood Tracker app is a simple way to notice early symptoms.

“Finally – please don’t feel that you’re alone. We provide 1-1 peer support, support groups, a 24/7 eCommunity that is open 24/7, 365 days a year, even on Christmas Day, and invaluable resources on managing common seasonal triggers of bipolar.”

(Image of Simon Kitchen: Bipolar UK)

Click to access Bipolar UK’s Mood Tracker apppeer support groups and eCommunity.

Watch Bipolar UK’s webinar about ‘bipolar and overspending’ here

With thanks to Bipolar UK for these excellent tips this festive season.

Mind Charity And The Works Reveal The Crafts That Will Aid Your Mental Health This Winter.

(image: Andrey Novik, Unsplash)

With the nights drawing in, The Works have teamed up with the mental health charity, Mind, to raise awareness of the mental health benefits of crafting.  

The winter can be especially difficult for many, with darker, colder days and prolonged periods of rain affecting energy, mood, anxiety and stress levels. Some people may experience Seasonal Affective Disorder, which is a type of depression experienced during different seasons or times of year.

Stephen Buckley, Head of Information at Mind said, 

“We know that crafting can be a powerful way to support mental health and wellbeing. Creative activities like card-making or knitting require focus, which may help us disconnect from daily pressures and find a welcome distraction. Learning a new skill can also bring a sense of accomplishment, which can be especially rewarding as the nights draw in. The repetitive motions of these crafts can feel meditative and calming, making them a helpful tool for managing stress, depression, and anxiety. Different things will work for different people and the main thing is finding a craft you enjoy and which fits into your life.”

Mind and The Works have produced a blog post with some ideas for easing stress and anxiety, boosting concentration, focus and memory.

Lynne Tooms, Chief Commercial Officer at The Works said, “Channelling your emotions into creativity can have a huge impact on us as adults, with various craft types having a big impact on our mood and sense of achievement, as well as providing us with skills and hobbies that can turn into passions to enjoy all year round.”

Crafts suggested include painting, scrapbooking and crocheting, with the full list found below.

https://www.theworks.co.uk/theworks-blog/craft/winter-wellbeing-crafts.html

Top 10 crafts ideas to support wellbeing:

  1. Colouring
  2. Crocheting
  3. Knitting
  4. Painting
  5. Ceramics
  6. Sketching
  7. Scrapbooking
  8. Journalling
  9. Cross Stitch
  10. Flower Pressing

This post was written by a freelance writer on behalf of Mind and The Works.

5 Reasons Why Your Child Needs To Read ‘Arabella and the Worry Cloud’ Picture Book By Eleanor and Shelley The Artist

(Image: Eleanor Segall/ Shelley The Artist)

Note: Arabella is written for 4-8 year olds. Every child is different and some children younger than 4 have enjoyed this book, but it is largely a Key Stage One book.

When I was a little girl, I had a lot of anxieties. As a self confessed empath and worrier, I could feel when something was wrong and sometimes this led to child anxiety. This included separation anxiety with symptoms such as nausea at school. Children who have anxiety need to feel safe, settled and above all, heard by parents/carers and the adults in their life at school.

I wrote Arabella and the Worry Cloud based on me as a young 7 year old girl who worried a lot. In the book, Arabella worries about her socks not fitting on her feet, losing her shoes in a muddy puddle, the rain soaking her and cold freezing her toes, the rainbow in the sky losing its colour, her cat Pickles getting lost and the plants in the garden dying, losing her homework, failing a test and being blown away by the wind. These worries are partly represented by a Worry Cloud who comes down to see her from the sky and threatens to rain on her with all her worries.

Eventually, Arabella realises that if she thinks jolly, happy, sunny thoughts in place of the worries, she can push the Worry Cloud away with the joyous light beams of positive thinking. Arabella unlocks happy memories with her family, visualising wonderful times with them and it gives her confidence to face the Worry Cloud head on, so he can go away and leave her in peace.

So many children will have their own version of the Worry Cloud. Here’s 5 reasons why you should read Arabella and the Worry Cloud with them:

  1. It is a hopeful story– Arabella never loses sight of hope even when the Cloud tells her life is scary, saying ‘If I can see the sun and smell the passing rain, everything will be alright. The storm will not last forever’. This is the key message of our story- all thoughts will pass, you are safe and fear will not stay forever. This is particularly helpful for children who feel stuck with anxiety.

2. It can help children to process their emotions about worries safely, with help of parent or carer- The Worry Cloud represents Arabella’s thoughts and the book shows how Arabella sends him away with help of positive thinking and visualising happy memories. Some children may need further intervention from a team of professionals, but the book introduces worry/anxiety in such a way that it can be read to assist children when they worry (and distract them from negative thought patterns).

3. It is a positive, age appropriate book about child anxiety and worries with an uplifting message, filled with rhyming prose and beautiful, vibrant illustrations by renowned artist Shelley The Artist. Shelley combines old fashioned art with work on her ipad and the result is a beautiful array of illustrations your child will love.

4. It is a book about mental health in a child appropriate metaphor – As an author with a background in mental health writing and lived experience, I understand the needs of having books which discuss mental health issues in a safe and supportive way. As this book is aimed at 4-8 year olds, it slowly introduces worries some children may face at this age.

5. It has had some lovely reviews from children, parents and readers:

“I really enjoyed the book and really liked Arabella and I found the cat funny. I learnt to not worry about things and that we should only think happy things.” Matilda, aged 8

“A stunningly beautiful book with such important mental health and wellbeing messages. Suitable for primary school age children: I recommend adults read it too as it’s incredibly special and meaningful! Thank you for writing this and inspiring us all.” Mrs Davies, parent

“Arabella and the Worry Cloud conveys a wonderful message, is written with lovely imagery and is beautifully illustrated. The cloud is a really good way to portray anxiety – children will be able to relate to this and feel encouraged to overcome their worries with positive thinking like Arabella does.” Dr DF

“This book is perfect if you have a young child who is a bit anxious or worries easily as it’s relatable and puts anxiety in simple terms that a young child can easily understand.” Diary of Lydia

“Beautifully written and illustrated, this book will appeal to children and parents/guardians alike. More importantly, it’s going to help kids overcome their anxiety from an early age and understand that they are not alone. Highly recommended.” Britt Pfluger

This is my favourite book ever ever ever. The words of my 4-year-old son who is a bit of a worrier himself! He had lots of questions and was very engaged throughout. Have already read it three times with him. Well done on a lovely debut kids’ book!” Joanna Gutkin, parent

To get your copy of Arabella and the Worry Cloud, go to Amazon here. I can’t wait for you to read it with your child/niece/nephew/grandchild and to share it with them and their friends too!

Thank you,

Eleanor x

Seasonal Affective Disorder And How To Improve Your Mental Health by Eleanor

(image: Mira Kemppainen)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression during particular seasons of the year (most commonly winter and summer). For me personally, I know the cold, dark early nights do not help as I will just want to hibernate! I find that during winter I am much more prone to depression/anxiety and I know others are too.

Mind says that, ‘ if your feelings are interfering with your everyday life, it could be a sign that you have depression. And if they keep coming back at the same time of year, doctors might call this seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or ‘seasonal depression’.

SAD symptoms can include lack of energy, feeling sad and tearful, withdrawing from friends and family, feeling anxious or agitated, sleeping too much or too little and suicidal thoughts.

Luckily there are ways to improve your mental health with SAD:

  1. Talk to someone or a helpline about how you are feeling

This can include Samaritans, Sane line or CALM.

These helplines can listen to you and provide a kind, one to one, listening ear if you are stuggling with depression, low self esteem, feelings of unworthiness or suicidal ideation.

2. Track your symptoms

It might be good to see what times of the month you are feeling worse too and how the weather is. A daily diary can be really helpful to show to your Dr or therapist.

3. Manage Stress

Speak to your therapist or find some mental health support locally if you can. Speak to a trusted loved one and make sure you don’t become too stressed or overwhelmed.

Look at mental health relaxation techniques such as mindfulness and make sure you are not over working and taking time to rest.

4.Walk and exercise

Exercise can help to boost your mood when you have SAD. Maybe a brisk walk or even some dancing around your room to a youtube video, any exercise can boost those endorphins and set you up for a good day.

5. Self Care

Watching a good TV show, having a bubble bath and planning other relaxing activities can really help. Especially on dark, cold and miserable nights. Look after yourself.

6. Speak to your GP

If your depression is worsening and you need medical help, please reach out to your GP or psychiatrist as they may be able to help with further treatment eg anti depressant medication if suitable.

SAD can be really challenging but making sure to take time for yourself, practise self care, talk about it and reach for help can go a big way in easing the depression’s effects this winter.

A Guide On How To Stay Calm At The Dentist

(image: Brian J Tromp, Unsplash)

Sitting in a dental chair can make many people feel nervous. Studies reveal that around 36% of adults have some level of anxiety about visiting the dentist, while 12% experience extreme fear or dental phobia. 

The anticipation of discomfort, unfamiliar equipment, or the sound of drills can all contribute to this stress. Certainly some treatments such as root canal treatment can require you to spend 45 minutes in a chair and this can send the brain into meltdown.

However, there are effective ways to stay calm and make the experience more manageable, ensuring that dental care remains a positive part of maintaining overall health.

Try Breathing and Relaxation Techniques

Focusing on your breathing can help calm your mind and body. Deep breathing exercises, where you inhale slowly through your nose for a count of four, hold for four seconds, and exhale for another count of four, can reduce feelings of anxiety

These techniques slow your heart rate and create a sense of control, even when you feel tense. Some people find mindfulness helpful, where you focus on the present moment and let go of worries about the procedure.

Relaxing your muscles can also make a big difference. Dentists often encourage patients to release tension in their shoulders, hands, and jaw. A relaxed body sends signals to the brain that you are safe, helping to ease your overall anxiety.

Speaking with Your Dentist

One of the best ways to stay calm is to talk openly with your dentist about your feelings. Dentists are trained to handle nervous patients and can adapt their approach to make you more comfortable. Some offer “stop signals,” such as raising your hand if you need a break during treatment. This creates a sense of control, which is particularly important for managing fear.

Asking your dentist to explain each step of the procedure can also help. Knowing what to expect removes the element of surprise, which often triggers anxiety. Many dentists use simple, clear language to describe what they’re doing, which can help you feel more informed and reassured.

Using Distractions to Stay Relaxed

Distraction techniques can make a big difference while in the chair. Some dental practices offer entertainment options, such as headphones with music or TV screens, to help take your mind off the treatment. 

Alternatively, you can bring your own music or podcasts to listen to during the appointment. Focusing on something familiar and enjoyable can shift your attention away from the procedure.

Imagining yourself in a calm and happy place, such as a beach or a quiet park, can also help. Visualising a relaxing setting encourages your brain to associate the experience with something positive, reducing fear and discomfort.

Helping Children Visit The Dentist

For children’s dental treatment, this can be a daunting first experience. Understanding what is involved, using the right distractions and offering positive feedback can be good to create confidence for future visits. Some dentists are good at using bright objects such as dental glasses, toothbrushes and posters on the ceiling to distract kids. 

But anything that can make the dentist fun is something that can help ease kids. From the fish task, to all the lights and sounds, it can be presented in an interesting way to keep things calm.

How To Build Confidence Over Time

The more positive experiences you have at the dentist, the easier it will be to stay calm in the future. Regular visits can help desensitise you to the environment and procedures, making them feel routine instead of intimidating. 

Overcoming fear of the dental chair not only improves your oral health but also boosts your confidence in handling challenging situations.

By using these strategies, dental visits can become less stressful and more manageable, ensuring that you take good care of your smile without unnecessary worry.

This article was written by a freelance writer.

How Dentists Help Patients Suffering With Anxiety

(image: Filip Rankovic Grobgaard – Unsplash)

Let’s face it, going to the dentist is nerve-wracking at the best of times. The bright light in the face, the invading of your personal mouth space and interrogation of questions is not easy for anyone, let alone those who suffer from anxiety.

Dental anxiety is a widespread issue, with research showing that around 36% of people experience mild fear of dental visits, while approximately 12% suffer from an intense phobia. This fear can arise from negative past experiences, fear of pain, or even the sounds and smells of a dental surgery. 

For some, the anticipation of discomfort creates overwhelming stress, leading them to avoid regular check-ups and treatment. Dentists are trained to recognise and address this anxiety, ensuring patients feel safe and supported.

Creating a Calm and Relaxing Environment

A welcoming environment is one of the first steps in easing anxiety. For some practices like Aromaden in Surrey, creating a calm environment through the use of furniture, staff attitudes, lighting and culture are a big part of soothing patients.

Dentists often design their clinics with comfort in mind, using calming colours, natural light, and soothing background music. Friendly and approachable staff can also help patients feel at ease upon arrival. Open communication is essential; dentists take time to explain treatments step-by-step, using simple language to demystify the process and build trust. Patients are encouraged to ask questions, ensuring they feel informed and in control of their care.

Modern Techniques to Reduce Fear

Advancements in dental technology have transformed the patient experience, making procedures faster, less invasive, and virtually painless. 

Many dentists use local anaesthetic techniques that minimise discomfort or offer sedation options such as nitrous oxide (commonly called “laughing gas”) or oral sedatives to help patients relax during treatment. In cases of severe anxiety, general anaesthesia may be an option, allowing the patient to remain unconscious throughout the procedure. The availability of these methods reassures patients and helps alleviate their fear.

For decades, patients have been used to metal fixed braces and all the wires and screws that come with it. But today, using Invisalign treatment is as simple as popping in a mouthguard for just a few months to receive the same desired outcome. Whilst Invisalign is not available for children, it is something that adults have used to get straight teeth later on in life.

(image: The Humble co- Unsplash)

Psychological Support and Trust Building

Dentists often incorporate psychological techniques to address anxiety. Strategies such as cognitive behavioural therapy for dentistry (CBT) can help patients challenge irrational fears and develop healthier attitudes toward dental care. Some practices introduce patients to gradual exposure, where they begin with simple visits like check-ups and slowly progress to more involved procedures as their comfort level increases. Deep breathing exercises and relaxation techniques are also recommended to help patients stay calm during appointments.

Building a strong relationship between the patient and dentist is critical. Trust is developed through active listening, empathy, and empowering patients to communicate their needs. For instance, many dentists allow patients to signal for a break during procedures, giving them a sense of control and reassurance.

Benefits of Overcoming Dental Anxiety

Managing dental anxiety not only improves oral health but also enhances overall well-being. Regular visits prevent serious problems like tooth decay and gum disease, which can require more invasive treatments if neglected. Additionally, addressing dental issues boosts confidence, as patients feel better about their smiles. For many, overcoming fear also builds resilience and makes it easier to tackle other aspects of healthcare.

By creating a calming atmosphere, utilising modern tools, and fostering trust, dentists can help anxious patients feel more comfortable. This approach ensures that even those with deep-seated fears can access the care they need for a healthy, confident smile.

This blog was written by a freelance writer.