(image: Todd Trapani, Unsplash)

Modern life surrounds us with easy dopamine triggers: sweetened coffee on every corner, endless scrolls of video, nicotine vapes disguised as fashion accessories. My research career has shown me that these cues are not merely temptations; they are biological signals that reshape metabolism, immunity, and even cancer risk. In my book, Crave: The Hidden Biology of Addiction and Cancer, I set out to explain why.

Why cravings feel hard wired

Craving evolved as a survival mechanism. In the brain, the mesolimbic pathway flags calorie dense fruit, social bonding, or safety as worth seeking. That same circuitry now lights up for ultraprocessed snacks and late night streaming. Functional MRI studies reveal identical patterns of dopaminergic surge whether volunteers anticipate nicotine or a sugary drink, and chronic exposure dulls the reward system’s sensitivity. Over time, people need stronger stimuli for the same lift, a neuroadaptation called tolerance. My laboratory group has observed that tolerance often precedes measurable changes in inflammatory biomarkers that predict cancer progression.

From appetite to oncology

The epidemiology is startling. Meta analyses link daily sugary beverage intake with elevated colorectal cancer incidence, independent of body mass. Tobacco remains the most potent modifiable carcinogen worldwide, yet nicotine pouches marketed as “clean alternatives” still activate . Adults who replace smoking with high sugar snacks trade one risk for another; insulin spikes feed oncogenic pathways. Craving is the bridge that explains these patterns.

Listening instead of suppressing

A central message of the book is that craving is not a moral failing. It is feedback. By tuning into the signal, by asking why a craving appears rather than fighting it, we can leverage biology rather than battle it. For example, a brief walk that raises heart rate for ten minutes stimulates endocannabinoids that naturally quell appetite and elevate mood. Clinical trials suggest that this micro intervention yields sharper cognitive performance than an afternoon energy drink.

Sugar Cravings and Mental Health

Craving for sugar sits at the crossroads of addiction science and mental health because sucrose triggers the same dopamine opioid cascade in the brain that reinforces nicotine and alcohol, yet the rapid glucose spikes that follow can crash into irritability and low mood, creating a loop that feels compulsive rather than indulgent.

Evidence based tools break this loop: cognitive behavioural therapy teaches people to notice the stress cue that precedes a sugar hunt, mindfulness based relapse prevention strengthens the ability to ride out urges, nutrition counselling pairs slow digesting carbohydrates with protein to steady blood glucose, and peer groups such as SMART Recovery provide social accountability when willpower fades.

Small pivots, measurable gains

Patients who swap sugary breakfasts for fiber rich protein report fewer mid morning crashes within three weeks. Continuous glucose monitoring confirms smoother glycemic curves, and inflammatory markers such as CRP trend downward after eight weeks. Similar improvements follow digital media fasts that compress social scrolling into defined windows, freeing cognitive bandwidth and reducing late night cortisol spikes that impair immune surveillance.

Practical first steps

There exist a number of science grounded experiments readers can try: hydrate before caffeine to blunt adrenal overstimulation, pair resistance exercise with a protein rich meal to modulate leptin, schedule technology free evenings to restore natural melatonin rhythms. Track how your body responds, adjust, repeat. The data you gather on yourself becomes a personalised research study with real health dividends.

Final thought

Our ancestors survived by responding to biological urges; we thrive today by understanding them. Crave offers a map from reflexive consumption to intentional living, informed by years of bench science, clinical trials, and population studies. My hope is that readers finish the book feeling empowered to decode their own signals, rewrite their relationship with desire, and protect long term health in the process.

If that resonates, I invite you to explore the full story within the pages of Crave and share your experiences. Let curiosity, not discipline alone, guide your next step. To get your copy of Crave, please see the following link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F8YVNB2S

(image: Raphael E Cuomo PHD)